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Home > Quizzes and Fun Tests > SAT Practice Tests > SAT Test questions SAT Practice Test - Critical Reading

SAT Test questions SAT Practice Test - Critical Reading

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Coverage :
The SAT Practice Test - Critical Reading has been designed to test the important aspects of Critical Reading. The test entails reading a long or a short passage based on general subjects and determine any of the folowing:
- the author's point in the passage
- the author's tone
- the gist of the passage
The test may also contain dual passages, and the test taker may be asked questions on both the first and the second passage.

SAT Test questions SAT Practice Test - Critical Reading Discussion Forum

This Question is based on the following passage:

    
Passage one traces the history of wine and drinking. Passage two highlights the author's trenchant view of prohibition by the state and imposed morality.

Passage-1

The god of wine, Dionysus is also called Bacchus
by both Romans and Greeks. In Homer's time,
Dionysus was not one of the patrician deities, but
a god whom the humble folks worshipped, a god 
5  who was brought into Greece from Thrace in
the 8th century B.C. by peripatetic bands of
rapturous worshippers. Dionysus was thus, a god
of vital, intoxicating powers of nature, and also,
because of his close connection with tillage and 
10  early civilization, he seen to be as a law giver.
He was represented as young, handsome, and
aesthetic in art forms, but later on, the artistic
representations of his form became slightly
effeminate. He was accompanied by a wild crowd 
15  of Satyrs, and Maenads, the latter hysterical
with wine and mystical exaltation, and carrying
cymbals, swords, or serpents, or the Thyrsus, a
wand wreathed with ivy and crowned with fir-
cone. Women were strongly attracted towards the 
20  worship of Dionysus. Many of them spent
their entire nights on the mountain in euphoric
dancing and tearing wild animals to pieces. The
myths of Dionysus are evidence that there was
first much opposition to the ritual use of wine and 
25  the frenzy it engendered. The earlier drink of
the Greeks had been a kind of beer flavored with,
ivy and mead, and mead was the drink of Homer's
Olympians. Wine was not invented by the Greeks
but imported by them from Crete whither the wine 
30  culture had spread from Mt. Nyasa, Libya.

Passage-2

I thoroughly disapprove of prohibition by law. It
is, according to me, a futile attempt at self-
arrogated morality. Wine is as old as gods and it
has come down to us through ages and scriptures 
5  as an unmatched soothe for the human misery.
It is our legacy of an age when gods were mortal
and men were divine, and even though wine was
considered to be a monstrous evil since its first sip
by man, he has not stopped drinking at its bubbly 
10  fountain of vice and forgetfulness. 
If legislation is needed, or sought after, by a
nation to maintain the morality of its people, I
deem it to be indeed a regrettable state of affairs. 
Saints have discoursed great sermons on the evil 
15  of drinking but this gospel of saints has
always remained a bad sermon in the world of
sinners. It is good for the saints to preach but daft
for the state to enforce that preaching, for what is
enforced by law ceases to be moral. A virtue is a 
20  virtue only when it is acquired through self-
realization, not when it is forced on the lives of
the people. Every new law creates a new crowd of
law-breakers and one more sin is added to the
sum-total of human crimes. As Goldsmith says, 
25  the virtue which requires, to be ever guarded,
is scarcely worth its sentinel.

According to passage 1, Dionysus was a god of:

nature and natural forces

wild dancing

the stimulating powers of nature

law and administration

women

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

    
Passage one traces the history of wine and drinking. Passage two highlights the author's trenchant view of prohibition by the state and imposed morality.

Passage-1

The god of wine, Dionysus is also called Bacchus
by both Romans and Greeks. In Homer's time,
Dionysus was not one of the patrician deities, but
a god whom the humble folks worshipped, a god 
5  who was brought into Greece from Thrace in
the 8th century B.C. by peripatetic bands of
rapturous worshippers. Dionysus was thus, a god
of vital, intoxicating powers of nature, and also,
because of his close connection with tillage and 
10  early civilization, he seen to be as a law giver.
He was represented as young, handsome, and
aesthetic in art forms, but later on, the artistic
representations of his form became slightly
effeminate. He was accompanied by a wild crowd 
15  of Satyrs, and Maenads, the latter hysterical
with wine and mystical exaltation, and carrying
cymbals, swords, or serpents, or the Thyrsus, a
wand wreathed with ivy and crowned with fir-
cone. Women were strongly attracted towards the 
20  worship of Dionysus. Many of them spent
their entire nights on the mountain in euphoric
dancing and tearing wild animals to pieces. The
myths of Dionysus are evidence that there was
first much opposition to the ritual use of wine and 
25  the frenzy it engendered. The earlier drink of
the Greeks had been a kind of beer flavored with,
ivy and mead, and mead was the drink of Homer's
Olympians. Wine was not invented by the Greeks
but imported by them from Crete whither the wine 
30  culture had spread from Mt. Nyasa, Libya.

Passage-2

I thoroughly disapprove of prohibition by law. It
is, according to me, a futile attempt at self-
arrogated morality. Wine is as old as gods and it
has come down to us through ages and scriptures 
5  as an unmatched soothe for the human misery.
It is our legacy of an age when gods were mortal
and men were divine, and even though wine was
considered to be a monstrous evil since its first sip
by man, he has not stopped drinking at its bubbly 
10  fountain of vice and forgetfulness. 
If legislation is needed, or sought after, by a
nation to maintain the morality of its people, I
deem it to be indeed a regrettable state of affairs. 
Saints have discoursed great sermons on the evil 
15  of drinking but this gospel of saints has
always remained a bad sermon in the world of
sinners. It is good for the saints to preach but daft
for the state to enforce that preaching, for what is
enforced by law ceases to be moral. A virtue is a 
20  virtue only when it is acquired through self-
realization, not when it is forced on the lives of
the people. Every new law creates a new crowd of
law-breakers and one more sin is added to the
sum-total of human crimes. As Goldsmith says, 
25  the virtue which requires, to be ever guarded,
is scarcely worth its sentinel.

Which of the following statements is false with respect to passage 1?
1. Dionysus was not an aristocratic deity in Homer's time.
2. Dionysus was seen to be a law-giver
3. Dionysus was called Bacchus.
4. Dionysus carried a plough as a symbol, since he was associated with tillage.
5. The worship of Bacchus fervently attracted women.

Only 1

1 and 4

Only 3

Only 4

1,2,3 and 5

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

    
Passage one traces the history of wine and drinking. Passage two highlights the author's trenchant view of prohibition by the state and imposed morality.

Passage-1

The god of wine, Dionysus is also called Bacchus
by both Romans and Greeks. In Homer's time,
Dionysus was not one of the patrician deities, but
a god whom the humble folks worshipped, a god 
5  who was brought into Greece from Thrace in
the 8th century B.C. by peripatetic bands of
rapturous worshippers. Dionysus was thus, a god
of vital, intoxicating powers of nature, and also,
because of his close connection with tillage and 
10  early civilization, he seen to be as a law giver.
He was represented as young, handsome, and
aesthetic in art forms, but later on, the artistic
representations of his form became slightly
effeminate. He was accompanied by a wild crowd 
15  of Satyrs, and Maenads, the latter hysterical
with wine and mystical exaltation, and carrying
cymbals, swords, or serpents, or the Thyrsus, a
wand wreathed with ivy and crowned with fir-
cone. Women were strongly attracted towards the 
20  worship of Dionysus. Many of them spent
their entire nights on the mountain in euphoric
dancing and tearing wild animals to pieces. The
myths of Dionysus are evidence that there was
first much opposition to the ritual use of wine and 
25  the frenzy it engendered. The earlier drink of
the Greeks had been a kind of beer flavored with,
ivy and mead, and mead was the drink of Homer's
Olympians. Wine was not invented by the Greeks
but imported by them from Crete whither the wine 
30  culture had spread from Mt. Nyasa, Libya.

Passage-2

I thoroughly disapprove of prohibition by law. It
is, according to me, a futile attempt at self-
arrogated morality. Wine is as old as gods and it
has come down to us through ages and scriptures 
5  as an unmatched soothe for the human misery.
It is our legacy of an age when gods were mortal
and men were divine, and even though wine was
considered to be a monstrous evil since its first sip
by man, he has not stopped drinking at its bubbly 
10  fountain of vice and forgetfulness. 
If legislation is needed, or sought after, by a
nation to maintain the morality of its people, I
deem it to be indeed a regrettable state of affairs. 
Saints have discoursed great sermons on the evil 
15  of drinking but this gospel of saints has
always remained a bad sermon in the world of
sinners. It is good for the saints to preach but daft
for the state to enforce that preaching, for what is
enforced by law ceases to be moral. A virtue is a 
20  virtue only when it is acquired through self-
realization, not when it is forced on the lives of
the people. Every new law creates a new crowd of
law-breakers and one more sin is added to the
sum-total of human crimes. As Goldsmith says, 
25  the virtue which requires, to be ever guarded,
is scarcely worth its sentinel.

The word 'peripatetic' (line 4) means:

Wandering

Poor

Patriotic

Foreign

Religious

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

    
Passage one traces the history of wine and drinking. Passage two highlights the author's trenchant view of prohibition by the state and imposed morality.

Passage-1

The god of wine, Dionysus is also called Bacchus
by both Romans and Greeks. In Homer's time,
Dionysus was not one of the patrician deities, but
a god whom the humble folks worshipped, a god 
5  who was brought into Greece from Thrace in
the 8th century B.C. by peripatetic bands of
rapturous worshippers. Dionysus was thus, a god
of vital, intoxicating powers of nature, and also,
because of his close connection with tillage and 
10  early civilization, he seen to be as a law giver.
He was represented as young, handsome, and
aesthetic in art forms, but later on, the artistic
representations of his form became slightly
effeminate. He was accompanied by a wild crowd 
15  of Satyrs, and Maenads, the latter hysterical
with wine and mystical exaltation, and carrying
cymbals, swords, or serpents, or the Thyrsus, a
wand wreathed with ivy and crowned with fir-
cone. Women were strongly attracted towards the 
20  worship of Dionysus. Many of them spent
their entire nights on the mountain in euphoric
dancing and tearing wild animals to pieces. The
myths of Dionysus are evidence that there was
first much opposition to the ritual use of wine and 
25  the frenzy it engendered. The earlier drink of
the Greeks had been a kind of beer flavored with,
ivy and mead, and mead was the drink of Homer's
Olympians. Wine was not invented by the Greeks
but imported by them from Crete whither the wine 
30  culture had spread from Mt. Nyasa, Libya.

Passage-2

I thoroughly disapprove of prohibition by law. It
is, according to me, a futile attempt at self-
arrogated morality. Wine is as old as gods and it
has come down to us through ages and scriptures 
5  as an unmatched soothe for the human misery.
It is our legacy of an age when gods were mortal
and men were divine, and even though wine was
considered to be a monstrous evil since its first sip
by man, he has not stopped drinking at its bubbly 
10  fountain of vice and forgetfulness. 
If legislation is needed, or sought after, by a
nation to maintain the morality of its people, I
deem it to be indeed a regrettable state of affairs. 
Saints have discoursed great sermons on the evil 
15  of drinking but this gospel of saints has
always remained a bad sermon in the world of
sinners. It is good for the saints to preach but daft
for the state to enforce that preaching, for what is
enforced by law ceases to be moral. A virtue is a 
20  virtue only when it is acquired through self-
realization, not when it is forced on the lives of
the people. Every new law creates a new crowd of
law-breakers and one more sin is added to the
sum-total of human crimes. As Goldsmith says, 
25  the virtue which requires, to be ever guarded,
is scarcely worth its sentinel.

Which of the following statements links the two passages?

Both the passages deal with the pleasures of drinking and not the evils related to it.

There existed as much duality regarding the human addiction to drinking during Dionysus's time as it does now.

Both the authors agree that drinking is a necessary evil in any society.

Drinking is a habit cultivated to alleviate frenzied state of mind and to take one to the heights of euphoria

Evils of drinking cannot be sidelined despite the pleasures of drinking

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  This passage is based on the discussion about the prospective exploitation of third world countries by unscrupulous MNCs through the misuse of biotechnology.

The term "biotechnology" is used to describe a number of
powerful techniques, many of which are only recent developments.
Today, because of the advancements in science, it is not
inconceivable to take genes (the basic material in an organism that 
5  contains the code for its reproduction and growth), split and
slice them, graft them on to another organism, thereby
'manufacturing' a whole new life form. It is also not beyond
the reach of man to clone a particular kind of super-cereal or super-
vegetable with very high yields using certain simple laboratory 
10  techniques, and then imbue it with the desired properties.
But even biotechnology, with all its advantages and boons, is not
available to man without its price. It presents the manifold threats
of overproduction of the most profitable variety of grains or
cereals, substitution of natural by engineered products, the shift of 
15  production from the fields of the third world to the laboratories
and factories of the first, and the loss of negotiating power for
producers of specific commodities within a general category in
comparison with the market as a whole.
For example, the processing of raw agricultural products can be 
20  biologically tailored in such a way that all vegetable oils are
"equalized". Cheap cocoa can replace expensive varieties. And the
characteristics of a distinct variety of coffee can be transferred to
another, cheaper variety - much to the great disadvantage of the
former.
25  The even more portentous fact is that now the biotech firms are
packaging their technology in a way that favors vertical integration
and monopolies. The seed and agrochemicals (fertilizer and
pesticides) industries have now been almost entirely integrated,
thanks to the takeover of the former by the latter. They are now 
30  selling packages of seeds and chemicals which cannot be
separated from one another.
This is where one of the paramount dangers of the misuse of
biotechnology comes into play. While the new techniques facilitate
the 'manufacturing' of either pest-resistant or pesticide-resistant 
35  seeds, perhaps with equal amount of resources (and thus
compatible with excessive use of chemicals), it is almost certain
that the scientists will breed the latter variety.
Now, try to fathom what the infiltration of the third-world by these
miracle seeds will do. The lure of their super-high yields will not 
40  decrease (as it theoretically could) but increase (because it suits
the MNCs) agrochemicals use. Third-world agriculture will be
simultaneously "chemicalized" and "biologized" in a way that was
unimaginable even at the height of the green revolution euphoria.
The probable picture is one of abject dependence of the third world
45  peasants upon the seeds- agrochemical MNCs. Capital will
have penetrated into the deepest interstices of rural society, right
down to the very structures of life and life-support systems in a
manner quite different from what we may have seen in the past.
The third�world will not be able to compete; it will have to accept 
50  its fate of complete ascendancy by the first world. There is
every possibility that the only thing that the third world managed
to hold on to during the colonial era, even the limited bargaining
and autonomous space in respect of primary commodities will be
quickly wiped out.
55  Is there any option or even a semblance of hope for the third
world? Can the third world escape the second colonization? Can't
millions of people can be spared the prospect of being
economically and culturally liquidated? Is it preordained that they
shall be wiped out as peasants without even having the option to 
60  become workers and wage laborers in an industrializing
economy? Shouldn't the people of these countries be at least
allowed to dream of a normal living?
These are questions that are difficult to answer. Nevertheless, one
thing is clear. The view, easily accepted by liberals at the turn of 
65  the century, that the liquidation of the peasantry and
destruction of old modes of production would inevitably lead to
industrialization, growth and development which, in the long run,
would benefit all, is impossible to sustain when one is dealing with
as powerful and far-reaching a phenomenon as biotechnology. In 
70  all likelihood, biotechnology will not only permit the
penetration and domination by multinational capital of the third
world agriculture; it will make any break into industry or any other
economic activity almost impossible.

The word 'imbue' (line 10) most nearly means:

Coalesce

Imbibe

Diffuse

Apportion

Suffuse

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  This passage is based on the discussion about the prospective exploitation of third world countries by unscrupulous MNCs through the misuse of biotechnology.

The term "biotechnology" is used to describe a number of
powerful techniques, many of which are only recent developments.
Today, because of the advancements in science, it is not
inconceivable to take genes (the basic material in an organism that 
5  contains the code for its reproduction and growth), split and
slice them, graft them on to another organism, thereby
'manufacturing' a whole new life form. It is also not beyond
the reach of man to clone a particular kind of super-cereal or super-
vegetable with very high yields using certain simple laboratory 
10  techniques, and then imbue it with the desired properties.
But even biotechnology, with all its advantages and boons, is not
available to man without its price. It presents the manifold threats
of overproduction of the most profitable variety of grains or
cereals, substitution of natural by engineered products, the shift of 
15  production from the fields of the third world to the laboratories
and factories of the first, and the loss of negotiating power for
producers of specific commodities within a general category in
comparison with the market as a whole.
For example, the processing of raw agricultural products can be 
20  biologically tailored in such a way that all vegetable oils are
"equalized". Cheap cocoa can replace expensive varieties. And the
characteristics of a distinct variety of coffee can be transferred to
another, cheaper variety - much to the great disadvantage of the
former.
25  The even more portentous fact is that now the biotech firms are
packaging their technology in a way that favors vertical integration
and monopolies. The seed and agrochemicals (fertilizer and
pesticides) industries have now been almost entirely integrated,
thanks to the takeover of the former by the latter. They are now 
30  selling packages of seeds and chemicals which cannot be
separated from one another.
This is where one of the paramount dangers of the misuse of
biotechnology comes into play. While the new techniques facilitate
the 'manufacturing' of either pest-resistant or pesticide-resistant 
35  seeds, perhaps with equal amount of resources (and thus
compatible with excessive use of chemicals), it is almost certain
that the scientists will breed the latter variety.
Now, try to fathom what the infiltration of the third-world by these
miracle seeds will do. The lure of their super-high yields will not 
40  decrease (as it theoretically could) but increase (because it suits
the MNCs) agrochemicals use. Third-world agriculture will be
simultaneously "chemicalized" and "biologized" in a way that was
unimaginable even at the height of the green revolution euphoria.
The probable picture is one of abject dependence of the third world
45  peasants upon the seeds- agrochemical MNCs. Capital will
have penetrated into the deepest interstices of rural society, right
down to the very structures of life and life-support systems in a
manner quite different from what we may have seen in the past.
The third�world will not be able to compete; it will have to accept 
50  its fate of complete ascendancy by the first world. There is
every possibility that the only thing that the third world managed
to hold on to during the colonial era, even the limited bargaining
and autonomous space in respect of primary commodities will be
quickly wiped out.
55  Is there any option or even a semblance of hope for the third
world? Can the third world escape the second colonization? Can't
millions of people can be spared the prospect of being
economically and culturally liquidated? Is it preordained that they
shall be wiped out as peasants without even having the option to 
60  become workers and wage laborers in an industrializing
economy? Shouldn't the people of these countries be at least
allowed to dream of a normal living?
These are questions that are difficult to answer. Nevertheless, one
thing is clear. The view, easily accepted by liberals at the turn of 
65  the century, that the liquidation of the peasantry and
destruction of old modes of production would inevitably lead to
industrialization, growth and development which, in the long run,
would benefit all, is impossible to sustain when one is dealing with
as powerful and far-reaching a phenomenon as biotechnology. In 
70  all likelihood, biotechnology will not only permit the
penetration and domination by multinational capital of the third
world agriculture; it will make any break into industry or any other
economic activity almost impossible.

What repercussions of biotechnological advancements have been cited in the passage?
I. Engineered products will replace natural products.
II. Third world countries will lose all autonomy and bargaining power.
III. First world countries shall dominate the third world in all totality.

Only I

Only II

Only III

I and II

I, II and III

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The passage discusses the values that are of importance in the corporate world today.

Change seems to be the only constant in the world today.
Business is not immune to this trend for revolutions in every
field and aspect of life. It is today is going through yet
another overwhelming revolution. This current revolution is 
5  powered by the perseverance of the customers in
demanding faster and more personalized services. Consumers
want their needs to be complied with immediately and in a
manner that fulfills their personal requirements.
Developments in the field of information technology have 
10  made it viable for providers to rise half way to this
challenge. The search for the perfect formula to draw the best
talent as employees and attract clients for sustained business
success is all-pervasive. Several people believe that the most
exigent challenge today is to compete in ever changing 
15  market place. Others say the real challenge is in
controlling employee attrition. There are yet others, who
emphasize the need for being in the forefront of technology.
The real task in facing the organizations today is in
fashioning an atmosphere that cherishes human values, 
20  protracts learning, and fosters creativity. Companies in
the corporate world today need a culture where each person
is appreciated and esteemed as an individual, where a person
can risk and find physical and emotional support, a culture
where one can learn and grow. The strategies required for 
25  meeting this challenge are neither far nor distant. The
present e-revolution surge provides many clues. Today's e-
business model is based on seamlessly integrating all stake
holders, such as suppliers and customers, into the
organization. Conventionally, they were seen as outsiders. 
30  People well-versed in negotiation skills dealt with them
to strike the best deals. In the contemporary world however,
artnership and collaboration is the mode of working. At the
very foundation of any organization there must exist a set of
well-articulated core values and not a thick book of corporate 
35  company rules. These values charter what the
organization deems important. Operating out of implicitly
stated values creates confidence and admiration in the
individual's capability to unreservedly choose with a sense of
responsibility in each situation. The precincts of right and 
40  wrong are hazy in a dynamic universe. The option often
seems to be between two rights or two wrongs. Only deeply-
embedded values empower an individual to respond
"responsibly" in such a situation. The new paradigm of
business organization is founded on a set of well expressed 
45  values. Information is the raw-material for knowledge, in
an organization there are many echelons in the information
hierarchy. Nevertheless, the need has often restricted the
amount of access an employee has to the information and
thus curtailed the efficiency with which he can make 
50  decisions and perform the assigned task. Immense power
arises in the hands of the managers by hoarding information.
Information gets dispensed in small amounts. The e-business
model argues against this closed mode of information
allocation. Information access is imperative to compliant and
55  variable response. Corporate intranets and extranets give
us a conduit for information sharing. Bulletin boards and
knowledge repositories provide a place for everyone to sound
their questions and contributions. Executive briefings,
knowledge sharing forum and open houses can create an 
60  ambience of sharing information.
We should be able to openly accept the fact that easily
available information provides the fundamental constituent
for effectual performance of the organization. It does not eat
into the manager's power base. There is a degree of 
65  vulnerability one will experience in making oneself open
to giving away what we know. However, rich creativity is
ossible when information is shared in diligent abundance.

The major challenge facing the companies today is:

to offer a respect based environment that would augment efficiency and ingenuity

to satisfy the rapidly increasing demands of the consumer

to be in the forefront of the perspective

to meet the policies of the electronic boom

to support the employee and encourage the client

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The passage discusses the values that are of importance in the corporate world today.

Change seems to be the only constant in the world today.
Business is not immune to this trend for revolutions in every
field and aspect of life. It is today is going through yet
another overwhelming revolution. This current revolution is 
5  powered by the perseverance of the customers in
demanding faster and more personalized services. Consumers
want their needs to be complied with immediately and in a
manner that fulfills their personal requirements.
Developments in the field of information technology have 
10  made it viable for providers to rise half way to this
challenge. The search for the perfect formula to draw the best
talent as employees and attract clients for sustained business
success is all-pervasive. Several people believe that the most
exigent challenge today is to compete in ever changing 
15  market place. Others say the real challenge is in
controlling employee attrition. There are yet others, who
emphasize the need for being in the forefront of technology.
The real task in facing the organizations today is in
fashioning an atmosphere that cherishes human values, 
20  protracts learning, and fosters creativity. Companies in
the corporate world today need a culture where each person
is appreciated and esteemed as an individual, where a person
can risk and find physical and emotional support, a culture
where one can learn and grow. The strategies required for 
25  meeting this challenge are neither far nor distant. The
present e-revolution surge provides many clues. Today's e-
business model is based on seamlessly integrating all stake
holders, such as suppliers and customers, into the
organization. Conventionally, they were seen as outsiders. 
30  People well-versed in negotiation skills dealt with them
to strike the best deals. In the contemporary world however,
artnership and collaboration is the mode of working. At the
very foundation of any organization there must exist a set of
well-articulated core values and not a thick book of corporate 
35  company rules. These values charter what the
organization deems important. Operating out of implicitly
stated values creates confidence and admiration in the
individual's capability to unreservedly choose with a sense of
responsibility in each situation. The precincts of right and 
40  wrong are hazy in a dynamic universe. The option often
seems to be between two rights or two wrongs. Only deeply-
embedded values empower an individual to respond
"responsibly" in such a situation. The new paradigm of
business organization is founded on a set of well expressed 
45  values. Information is the raw-material for knowledge, in
an organization there are many echelons in the information
hierarchy. Nevertheless, the need has often restricted the
amount of access an employee has to the information and
thus curtailed the efficiency with which he can make 
50  decisions and perform the assigned task. Immense power
arises in the hands of the managers by hoarding information.
Information gets dispensed in small amounts. The e-business
model argues against this closed mode of information
allocation. Information access is imperative to compliant and
55  variable response. Corporate intranets and extranets give
us a conduit for information sharing. Bulletin boards and
knowledge repositories provide a place for everyone to sound
their questions and contributions. Executive briefings,
knowledge sharing forum and open houses can create an 
60  ambience of sharing information.
We should be able to openly accept the fact that easily
available information provides the fundamental constituent
for effectual performance of the organization. It does not eat
into the manager's power base. There is a degree of 
65  vulnerability one will experience in making oneself open
to giving away what we know. However, rich creativity is
ossible when information is shared in diligent abundance.

The author will most likely agree with which of the following statements?

individualistic demands are not fostered by the corporate world

private enterprise has gained impetus

e-business has not lead to a decrease in the power at the company's zenith

e-business grinds down easy access and disposition of information

managers are power-houses in a corporate

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The passage discusses the values that are of importance in the corporate world today.

Change seems to be the only constant in the world today.
Business is not immune to this trend for revolutions in every
field and aspect of life. It is today is going through yet
another overwhelming revolution. This current revolution is 
5  powered by the perseverance of the customers in
demanding faster and more personalized services. Consumers
want their needs to be complied with immediately and in a
manner that fulfills their personal requirements.
Developments in the field of information technology have 
10  made it viable for providers to rise half way to this
challenge. The search for the perfect formula to draw the best
talent as employees and attract clients for sustained business
success is all-pervasive. Several people believe that the most
exigent challenge today is to compete in ever changing 
15  market place. Others say the real challenge is in
controlling employee attrition. There are yet others, who
emphasize the need for being in the forefront of technology.
The real task in facing the organizations today is in
fashioning an atmosphere that cherishes human values, 
20  protracts learning, and fosters creativity. Companies in
the corporate world today need a culture where each person
is appreciated and esteemed as an individual, where a person
can risk and find physical and emotional support, a culture
where one can learn and grow. The strategies required for 
25  meeting this challenge are neither far nor distant. The
present e-revolution surge provides many clues. Today's e-
business model is based on seamlessly integrating all stake
holders, such as suppliers and customers, into the
organization. Conventionally, they were seen as outsiders. 
30  People well-versed in negotiation skills dealt with them
to strike the best deals. In the contemporary world however,
artnership and collaboration is the mode of working. At the
very foundation of any organization there must exist a set of
well-articulated core values and not a thick book of corporate 
35  company rules. These values charter what the
organization deems important. Operating out of implicitly
stated values creates confidence and admiration in the
individual's capability to unreservedly choose with a sense of
responsibility in each situation. The precincts of right and 
40  wrong are hazy in a dynamic universe. The option often
seems to be between two rights or two wrongs. Only deeply-
embedded values empower an individual to respond
"responsibly" in such a situation. The new paradigm of
business organization is founded on a set of well expressed 
45  values. Information is the raw-material for knowledge, in
an organization there are many echelons in the information
hierarchy. Nevertheless, the need has often restricted the
amount of access an employee has to the information and
thus curtailed the efficiency with which he can make 
50  decisions and perform the assigned task. Immense power
arises in the hands of the managers by hoarding information.
Information gets dispensed in small amounts. The e-business
model argues against this closed mode of information
allocation. Information access is imperative to compliant and
55  variable response. Corporate intranets and extranets give
us a conduit for information sharing. Bulletin boards and
knowledge repositories provide a place for everyone to sound
their questions and contributions. Executive briefings,
knowledge sharing forum and open houses can create an 
60  ambience of sharing information.
We should be able to openly accept the fact that easily
available information provides the fundamental constituent
for effectual performance of the organization. It does not eat
into the manager's power base. There is a degree of 
65  vulnerability one will experience in making oneself open
to giving away what we know. However, rich creativity is
ossible when information is shared in diligent abundance.

The tone of the passage can be best described as:

critical

deductive

empathetic

attacking

suggestive

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The passage elucidates the parameters of artistic excellence. 

The prestige of a masterpiece, in the most curious way,
dominates the degree of appreciation and understanding of
music. Theater, cinema, poetry, narrative fiction, none pay
allegiance to its ideal of excellence in the tyrannical way that 
5  music does. They recognize no unbridgeable chasm
between 'great works' and lesser efforts. Consider the world
of painting; even though it also is a victim of "appreciation"
rackets based on the concept of gilt-edged equality, it still is
more penetrable to reason in this regard. But music today 
10  seems committed to the idea that superlative work in
composition is separable from the rest of the music-writing
by a distinction as radical as that recognized in theology
between the elect and the damned. 
This pretentious definition of excellence is disparate from the 
15  classical concept of a republic of letters. It reclines,
rather, on the theocratic ideas that inspiration is less a
privilege of the private citizen than of the ordained sibyl. The
concept however, loses its ground due to the fact that music
is not a religion. Dealing in general ideas, morality or 
20  salvation does not come within the precincts of music. It
is an art. It expresses private sentiments through skill and
sincerity, both of which are a privilege, a duty of the private
citizen, and no monopoly of the prophetically inclined. 
"Masterpiece", was once considered to be merely a 
25  graduation piece which hailed the student advance from
apprenticeship to master status. Later, it referred to any
artist's most accomplished work, the highpoint of production.
Today, most people comprehend it as a piece differing from
the run of the repertory by a degree of concentration in its 
30  expressivity that establishes a difference of kind. The idea
that any composer, however gifted or skillful, is merely a
masterpiece factory would have been repellant to Bach or
Hadyn or Mozart or Handel. But all the successors of
Beethoven who aspired to his positions quite consciously 
35  imbued their music with the "masterpiece" tone. This
tone is lugubrious, portentous, and world-shaking; and
length, as well as heavy instrumentation, is essential to it.
The masterpiece cult tends to substitute an impressive
manner for specific expression, just as an oratory does. That 
40  music should stoop to the procedures and techniques of
contemporary political harangue is lamentable.
There are occasions (funerals for instance) where the tone of
a discourse is more important than its content, but the concert
is not one of them. The concert is habitual thing like a meal; 
45  the ceremonial is only incidental to it. And restricting
one's menu to what observes the fictitious "masterpiece"
tone is like limiting one's nourishment only to heavier party
foods. If the idea can be got rid of that a proper concert
should consist of only "masterpieces", either historic or 
50  contemporary, our programs will cease to be repetitive
and monotonous.

10.

It can be inferred that a commitment to the idea of musical masterpieces has resulted in:

less integration of music with other arts

a limited concert repertory

less understanding of music

less popular music

music even for the funerals

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The passage elucidates the parameters of artistic excellence. 

The prestige of a masterpiece, in the most curious way,
dominates the degree of appreciation and understanding of
music. Theater, cinema, poetry, narrative fiction, none pay
allegiance to its ideal of excellence in the tyrannical way that 
5  music does. They recognize no unbridgeable chasm
between 'great works' and lesser efforts. Consider the world
of painting; even though it also is a victim of "appreciation"
rackets based on the concept of gilt-edged equality, it still is
more penetrable to reason in this regard. But music today 
10  seems committed to the idea that superlative work in
composition is separable from the rest of the music-writing
by a distinction as radical as that recognized in theology
between the elect and the damned. 
This pretentious definition of excellence is disparate from the 
15  classical concept of a republic of letters. It reclines,
rather, on the theocratic ideas that inspiration is less a
privilege of the private citizen than of the ordained sibyl. The
concept however, loses its ground due to the fact that music
is not a religion. Dealing in general ideas, morality or 
20  salvation does not come within the precincts of music. It
is an art. It expresses private sentiments through skill and
sincerity, both of which are a privilege, a duty of the private
citizen, and no monopoly of the prophetically inclined. 
"Masterpiece", was once considered to be merely a 
25  graduation piece which hailed the student advance from
apprenticeship to master status. Later, it referred to any
artist's most accomplished work, the highpoint of production.
Today, most people comprehend it as a piece differing from
the run of the repertory by a degree of concentration in its 
30  expressivity that establishes a difference of kind. The idea
that any composer, however gifted or skillful, is merely a
masterpiece factory would have been repellant to Bach or
Hadyn or Mozart or Handel. But all the successors of
Beethoven who aspired to his positions quite consciously 
35  imbued their music with the "masterpiece" tone. This
tone is lugubrious, portentous, and world-shaking; and
length, as well as heavy instrumentation, is essential to it.
The masterpiece cult tends to substitute an impressive
manner for specific expression, just as an oratory does. That 
40  music should stoop to the procedures and techniques of
contemporary political harangue is lamentable.
There are occasions (funerals for instance) where the tone of
a discourse is more important than its content, but the concert
is not one of them. The concert is habitual thing like a meal; 
45  the ceremonial is only incidental to it. And restricting
one's menu to what observes the fictitious "masterpiece"
tone is like limiting one's nourishment only to heavier party
foods. If the idea can be got rid of that a proper concert
should consist of only "masterpieces", either historic or 
50  contemporary, our programs will cease to be repetitive
and monotonous.

11.

With which of the following statements is the author least likely to agree:

art cannot exist without inspiration

sincerity is an essential ingredient of art

content is at least as important as form in art

standards by which art is judged should be codified

less emphasis should be given on "masterpieces"

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

" /> " />

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

This Question is based on the following passage:

  The author discusses the developmental challenges faced in the rapidly changing global scenario.

The challenge of development in an extensive sense is to
enhance the quality of life, especially in the world's poor
countries. A better quality of life usually calls for higher
incomes but it involves much more. It incorporates a blend of 
5  better education, higher standards of health and nutrition,
poverty alleviation, a cleaner environment, more equality of
opportunity, greater individual freedom, and a richer cultural
life.
Precepts of development have undergone a paradigm shift 
10  during the past few decades. Progress has not moved along
a straight line from darkness to light. Instead, there have been
successes and failures, and a gradual accumulation of
knowledge and insight. On some matters, a fairly clear
understanding has emerged, but many questions still remain 
15  contentious and unanswered.
Climate, culture, and natural resources were once thought to be
the keys to economic development. Rapid industrialization,
using explicit and implicit taxes on agriculture to fund
industrial investment was for many years a much favored 
20  strategy. After the Great Depression and through the1960s,
most policy makers favored import substitution combined with
focus on infant industries. In its day, this view was endorsed,
and the strategy supported, by external aid and finance
agencies. 
25  These views have not stood the test of time. Now there is
clearer evidence, from both developing and industrial
countries, that it is better not to ask governments to manage
development in details. Discriminatory taxes on agriculture
have turned out to be taxes on development. Economic
isolation behind trade barriers has proved to be costly.
Retarding competition and interfering with prices, deliberately
or accidentally, have very often proved to be counter-
productive.
As the importance of openness and competition has been
realized, the conviction has grown that they are insufficient by
themselves. Investing in people, if done rightly, provides the
firmest foundation for lasting development. And therefore, the
economic role of government is larger than merely standing in
for markets if they fail to work right. In defining and protecting
rights, providing effective legal and judicial system, improving
the efficiency of the officials providing services of the
government, and protecting the environment, the state forms
the very core of development. Political and civil liberties are
not, contrary to a once popular view, inconsistent with
economic growth.

12.

The author will most likely agree with which of the following statements?

Poor countries cannot afford to protect their environment and thus need assistance from richer countries.

Better quality of life means increasing per capita income rapidly.

Open markets and healthy competition are the only solutions for proper and planned development.

Guarding individual freedom and economic development can go together.

All the problems that a country may face during its developmental phase were experienced during the Great Depression and thus, all the answers to such problems have been evolved.

Please provide appropriate updations

Ques

Your Name
Please describe the changes made by you

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