| 1. | In the CNS and Maintain blood-brain barrier (B.B.B.) . They also have feet that wrap around capillaries. |
| a. | | astrocytes |
| b. | | microglia |
| c. | | oligodendrocytes |
| d. | | ependymal cells
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| 2. | Removes debris, waste and pathogens by phagocytosis. |
| a. | | microglia |
| b. | | astrocytes |
| c. | | oligodendrocytes |
| d. | | ependymal cells
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| 3. | Slow, over unmyelinated axons. |
| a. | | continuous conduction |
| b. | | all or none law |
| c. | | saltatory conduction |
| d. | | myelination
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| 4. | Stimulus alters resting membrane potential to -55 mV (threshold) AP. |
| a. | | myelination |
| b. | | saltatory conduction |
| c. | | all or none law (AP/impulse at the Node of Ranvier) |
| d. | | continuous conduction
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| 5. | Inside neuron is more negative than outside (-70 mV), Na+/K+ pump moves 3 Na+ to outside 2 K+ to inside uses ATP, Large negative proteins stuck inside cell and create the cells negative potential, Na+ and K+ channels are closed. More sodium on the outside and more potasium on the outside. |
| a. | | refractory period |
| b. | | depolarization |
| c. | | repolarization |
| d. | | resting membrane potential
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| 6. | Undershoots and can't fire yet. Ion gradient must be re-established. K+ & Na+ gates are closed, Na+ & K+ pump is redistributing...3 for 2 ratio - Na+ ions out and K+ ions in (back to correct location). |
| a. | | 3rd event - refractory period |
| b. | | 1st event - depoloration |
| c. | | 2nd event - repolarization
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| 7. | +30 mV to -70 mV. K+ gate opens and K+ out of cell at +30 mV, Na+ gate is closed. |
| a. | | 3rd event - repolarization |
| b. | | 2nd event - repolarization |
| c. | | 1st event - depoloration
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| 8. | AP arrives at synaptic terminal (bulb): Ca+2 channel opens, Ca+2 diffuse into cell, enzymes activated, neurotransmitter is released into synapse by exocytosis now in synaptic cleft. |
| a. | | True |
| b. | | False
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| 9. | Neurotransmitter attaches to receptor exciting or inhibiting postsynaptic neuron, separation of neurotransmitter to be recycled, vesicles without neurotransmiters are transported back to cell body, |
| a. | | post synaptic |
| b. | | presynaptic
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| 10. | EPSP (excitatory post synaptic potential): |
| a. | | Depolarization (Na+ channels open), turns cell "on", activates |
| b. | | Hyperpolarization, turns cell "off", deactivates
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| 11. | Excitatory chemicals: |
| a. | | Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine |
| b. | | GABA, Serotonin, Endorphins
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| 12. | Inhibit in brain valium is similar |
| a. | | Serotonin |
| b. | | GABA |
| c. | | Dopamine |
| d. | | Endorphins
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| 13. | Inhibit pain morphine is similar, runner' high. |
| a. | | Serotonin |
| b. | | GABA |
| c. | | Dopamine |
| d. | | Endorphins
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